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The Boy Scout’s Forest-Book 

By Robson Black . 


Here’s for an excursion to the forest! 

A new sort of excursion this time—no hauling 
water up hill or driving tent pegs or striking camp. 
Any boy is eligible, in or out of uniform. The only 
stopping-places allowed are the pictures, but out¬ 
side of that one rule, the Scout is free to pursue his 
way independent of fellow troopers or his officers. 

This trip to the forest follows a brand new path. 
You know the old way of hiking—take the main 
road north of the town, turn to the left at the second 
concession and up the cow path, other side of the 
farmhouse, until you see the maple woods. This 
time we hike with winged feet over whole provinces. 
Now we are in British Columbia stalking like 
pygmies through the marvellous Douglas Fir and 
Cedars, now in the dense Spruce forests of Quebec, 
this moment looking down upon an Ontario paper 
mill, and in the twinkling of an eye taking a snap 
shot of a New Brunswick waterfall. 

The Boy Scout is the natural friend and ally of 
the Forest. He has none of the old-fashioned terror 
of it, because he has penetrated its long and beauti¬ 
ful lanes and knows how extremely kind and gen¬ 
erous it is, how it has befriended him in the hot 
summer days, how it has given him shelter from 
storms, provided him with the fun of fishing and 
hunting, and asked hardly one favor in return. 

Some man who makes his living twisting out 
facts and figures said that without the Tin Can, 

3 







Would you choose this country for a hike? It is in North-western 
China. Foolish people years ago stripped the mountain sides of their 
forests. Now, enormous districts are empty and ugly. Most of the popu¬ 
lation has moved away. 



But look! Here we have a Canadian hillside. It has been badly 
swept by fire. One more fire and the land will be forever barren and bare, 
much like North-western China. 


4 








New York City would have been impossible. He 
meant that unless a way of preserving food supplies 
cheaply had been discovered, it would be physically 
impossible to feed the four million human beings in 
New York three times a day with fresh food de¬ 
livered direct from the farms. 

Some Ways We Use Wood. 

It is even truer that our modern Canada would 
have been impossible had not the country been in 
possession of enormous forests of splendid quality 
close at hand for any pioneer to help himself. We 
simply had to have wood in this country and could 
not have lived comfortably one day without it. Our 
railways were built with millions of ties and thous¬ 
ands of wooden cars and coaches. Mining could 
never have commenced and would not continue 
to-day if wooden mine props were not continually 
supplied by the train load. The props used in Nova 
Scotia mines every year, if placed end to end, would 
stretch from Halifax to the Coast of Ireland. Our 
fisheries require wood for vessels, barrels, boxes and 
in other ways. Our farmers demand it for building 
material and fuel and fence posts. No newspaper 
in all Canada could issue without thousands of 
spruce trees to feed the hungry paper mills. Our 
homes are mostly built of wood, furnished with 
wooden articles, and kept snug in cold weather with 
wooden fuel. Maybe you drove last week in a 
wooden vehicle over wooden bridges and delivered a 
load at a wooden flour mill or cheese factory, sixty 
or seventy years old and of staunch old oak or pine 
timbers from cellar to roof. 

Of course, we hear some talk, now and then, 
about wood substitutes but actually the use of wood 
in Canada is increasing from year to year. 

5 




When fire runs through a “watershed” forest burning off the spongy 
absorbent soil, Nature’s great reservoir for holding the surplus waters of 
spring thaws and rain falls is thus destroyed and- 


-we find our towns flooded, our power plants damaged, our factories 

idle. Nature designed the forests purposely to keep rivers from going to 
extremes. 


6 






































Just look at this: every twelvemonth we cut up 
enough trees to make a board-walk, 10 feet wide and 
73 feet long for every man and woman, boy and girl, 
in the country. In other words, the ‘cut’ taken 
from our forests every winter would supply all per¬ 
sons, big and little, from Halifax to Victoria, with 
two cords of wood each. Imagine every man, wo¬ 
man and child in your district standing beside their 
two cords and then widen the picture to include all 
the thousands of communities in Canada. It looks 
like a lot of wood, doesn’t it? 

Tracing an Electric Wire. 

Any Boy Scout knows that fence posts are wood 
and newspapers are just the pulp of wood. But 
here is a different story: Electricity for most of our 
homes and factories is also 1 only a question of living 
forests and nearly all the power that runs Canadian 
street cars comes indirectly from the great dense 
masses of tree life on what we call the “watersheds. 
Our larger cities and towns are lighted by electricity 
developed from water powers in rivers. A big 
majority of the mills that employ armies of workers 
would come to a sudden stop if the flow in certain 
streams lost volume or evenness. Old Captain 
Water-Power is a splendid friend when treated 
right, but he can prove likewise a tricky enemy. 

When we say that your electric wire runs back 
to a forest it is not a trick of mixing words or sense. 
The truth is the same as when we say: “A rifle ball 
is propelled by expanding gases” or “The roseTakes 
its color from the sun.” Nature’s book of unchange¬ 
able laws is pretty safe to go by. 

Canada, as you know, contains little or no anthra¬ 
cite coal, and to run factories by steam-power coal 
is necessary. Providence balanced that lack with a 

7 



Here is water power, enough of it to turn the wheels of a city. Useful, too, 
some day if the forests are left on the watersheds. 



An irrigation ditch in Alberta. Millions of acres of land in Western 
Canada are useless without artificial water supply. The unburned forests, 
on the Eastern slopes of the Rockies are sole guardians of this water supply.. 


8 
















marvellous lot of flowing water. We have more 
water going to waste in Canada than would drive 
every factory wheel on the continent. But the 
moment we say that we are heading straight into the 
forest again, for without living trees on the thous¬ 
ands of hills and valleys that act as “watersheds/’ 
the muscular power of most rivers would be worse 
than useless. Engineers will tell you that “forests 
regulate stream flow.” They mean that the porous 
mass of needles, twigs, leaves and mosses in various 
stages of decay forms a great reservoir ready to 
absorb endless tons of water that come from the 
melting snows and heavy rains of Spring. Where 
a river is fed by streams that take their source in 
wooded areas, the surplus waters of the winter 
break-up are held in reserve and liberated very 
gently and regularly throughout the entire year. 
Burn down or hack down the greater part of tree 
life on “watersheds” and the spring snows and rains 
having no natural reservoir to lodge in, tumble pell 
mell down the hillsides into the streams and rush off 
at deadly speed to the bigger rivers, carrying dis¬ 
aster in their wake. A river without forests to back 
it up acts as freakish as an unbroken colt and is a 
source of danger instead of comfort. Nature knew 
her business when she designed the forests as the 
guardians of streams. We thoughtless Canadians 
have upset her wise arrangements in every province 
and we pay for it in the terrible losses every year 
connected with spring floods and summer droughts. 

What is Our Biggest Business? 

Providing cheap and plentiful power for running 
our factories and equipping our homes is, of course, 
just one of the things that the forests do for us. 
Only a small percentage of our tree growth need be 

9 



Part of the Forest-Army at work. Rolling logs down a hillside to 
be loaded on sleighs and taken to the railway siding. 



















considered as absolute “watershed forest” where no 
trees should be cut. The remainder was intended 
to be used as lumber, fuel, pulp-wood for making 
paper, and for other purposes, but all should be 
preserved by law from careless cutting and burning. 

Lumbering and all that depends upon lumbering 
is the biggest business in the whole of Canada. 
Without considering agriculture, lumbering and its 
allies employ more men, pay more wages, and carry 
more capital invested than any other in the 
Dominion. 

If you could collect at one point all the Can¬ 
adian men employed in lumbering or wood manu¬ 
facture they would form a longer procession than all 
the inhabitants of Hamilton or Ottawa. No less 
than 110,000 men and their families get their liveli¬ 
hood from our Canadian woods. This does not 
take into account the many thousands who get their 
living in transporting wood products on railways, 
or making wooden parts of implements, or the mer¬ 
chants who serve this great class or all the other 
people who might correctly be counted in. 

These armies of good citizens engaged in making 
up forest products into everyday articles depend 
entirely upon a perpetual wood supply for their 
employment. Not one of them gets his living out 
of a burned forest. So, every time a boy or man 
keeps fire from damaging the woodlands, he keeps 
some Canadian wage-earner from losing his employ¬ 
ment. 

Looking to a Tree for Meals. 

Have you seen the “pulp and paper towns” at 
Espanola or Thorold or Iroquois Falls, in Ontario, 
or Grand Mere in Quebec, or some of the thriving 
lumber mill towns scattered all across Canada? It 

11 



How many logs are in all these piles? 48,000. The picture was taken 
in Nova Scotia, which needs every log it can grow for mine booms, ship 
building, fisheries, fuel and other uses. 



What does a lumber camp look like? Nearly all of them are built the 
same—a short street of commodious log houses. The “lumberjacks” who 
live in them are well paid, well fed and clothed, and represent a big army 
of workers. * 

12 













is a great sight. Every man, woman, and child 
literally looks to a tree for meals and lodging and 
clothing. If the wooded country from which these 
mills float down their logs was swept severely by 
fire through some person leaving a camp fire glow¬ 
ing or dropping a match in the pine needles it would 
destroy so much of the tree supply that practically 
the entire community would be thrown out of work 
and the value of the big mills damaged possibly for 
all time. These towns derive all their employment 
from the forests and in that way are exceptional, of 
course. But thousands of other towns and cities 
are kept prosperous by saw mills, boat building 
shops, box factories, furniture makers and the many 
other industries that need the forest to keep them 
running. How many Canadian merchants, railway 
employees, clothing and boot makers, farmers, car¬ 
penters, masons, clerks, etc., owe part of their living 
to the serving of the Canadian Forest-Army is im¬ 
possible to guess at, but must be considerable. 

Who Gets the Forest Dollarf 

Get this fact clear! 

The Dollar that comes out of a felled tree is 
Everybody’s Dollar. It shares itself with all citi¬ 
zens from Atlantic to Pacific. No Dollar from any 
Canadian industry is broken into so many parts and 
so widely distributed. 

Two thirds of each hundred cents that comes 
from a log goes to pay wages and buy supplies. The 
other third goes to meet the government dues and 
interest on the lumberman’s investment. 

But who owns these wonderful forests that give 
so many men and families a living and stand be¬ 
hind the prosperity and happiness of the whole 
country? 


13 



Look into this picture- 



-and then into this. You can make the top scene as hideous as the 

bottom scene by “forgetting” your camp fire, by tossing away lighted 
matches, by any kind of fire. 


14 


































Briefly, the provinces of Ontario, Quebec, New 
Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and 
British Columbia own and manage their forests in¬ 
dependently. The forests within the provinces of 
Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta and a strip of 
twenty miles wide on each side of the C.P.R. tracks 
through British Columbia, known as the “railway 
belt” are governed by the Forestry Branch of the 
Dominion Government. 

The People Are the Owners. 

In all Canada there are estimated to be about 
five hundred million acres of various degrees and 
values of forest growth. Only one third of this 
acreage contains trees that can be sold in the market 
as saw timber; this does not take into account pulp- 
wood or fuel or tie and pole material or small timber 
of any description. 

Of the five hundred million acres covered with 
good and poor tree life, only about fourteen million 
acres are owned b}" private persons. The enormous 
balance is owned by our governments, who are, as 
you know, the agents and trustees of the Canadian 
people. A good proportion of these wooded lands 
is under lease to lumber and pulp companies who 
can cut under regulations and on payment of a scale 
of dues to the public treasury. Our governments 
collect about seven million dollars every year from 
the owners of timber leases. If the lumbermen did 
not supply this large amount for running our gov¬ 
ernments, it would have to come direct from the 
people in the form of new taxes. 

Many people in Canada have come to believe 
that all the worth while timber has been handed 
over to corporations. This is not true. In Ontario, 
for instance, out of 150 million acres of woodland, 

15 



Big German guns hailed explosives into a patch of Belgian forest and 
this is what was left after two days’ attack. 



But high-explosive shells never sweep as thorough as a Canadian forest 
fire. This picture shows the wreckage of a beautifully timbered mountain 
side in British Columbia after two days’ burning. 

16 














about 24 million acres have passed under lease. Not 
a single limit in Ontario, as far as is known, is 
owned by any private party. In Quebec, the amount 
of forest area that has got out of reach of the gov¬ 
ernment by private ownership is almost negligible. 
You will readily understand the great importance of 
governments owning the timber lands. The people 
through their elected representatives can say at any 
time exactly what treatment the forests of the coun¬ 
try shall receive. If they believe the forests are 
worth guarding for the enormous wealth and com¬ 
fort they give us, they can insist that modern fire 
protection systems shall be promptly installed, with 
plenty of rangers and inspectors, the best kind of 
equipment, and generous appropriations from the 
public funds to make the task thorough. 

We Can Do These Things. 

Then, too, the governments being the owners of 
the woodlands, have power to regulate the cutting 
of timber so that a new crop of young trees will be 
sure to follow, and they have power to prevent set¬ 
tlers from burning down neighboring forests by 
carelessness, and power to stop destruction of our 
splendid “watersheds.” 

This surely is a great power to keep within the 
hands of the majority. Some day, with the aid of 
the Boy Scouts who are reading these pages, it will 
be wielded as fully as it deserves to be. 

And now what do you think of the way we Can¬ 
adians are now using our absolute power to guard 
the forests? This table is all facts 

For every twenty trees grown in Canada in a 
year 

We cut down.17 trees. 

We burn down.170 trees. 

17 





18 






















He would be a queer farmer who spent his 
twelve months in hard labor and then faced such a 


piece of book-keeping as this: 

Planted in wheat.187 acres. 

Harvested.17 acres. 

Set fire to and destroyed... . 170 acres. 


Such a man would certainly meet with little 
respect and would pile up a pretty small bank ac¬ 
count. But we are not one bit better, as you have 
seen, in the way we handle our forests. 

In the last century we allowed to burn down 
one half of the whole forested area of Canada. In 
1915, 1914, 1913, and as far back as you please, our 
loss equalled many millions of dollars a year. 

Killing the Forest Children. 

Most of these fires not only killed all or part of 
the splendid mature timber that was ready for cut¬ 
ting but wiped out the tender young trees, the 
“forest children” which in a few years would have 
reproduced their elders and have kept the family 
going. Fire ends all that. If allowed to run 
through repeatedly it will burn off the soil itself 
and leave what was once a valuable and beautiful 
woodland just a ghastly and empty moor. 

To say that Canada has plenty of timber both 
to cut and to burn is to say something that no forest 
engineer or lumberman will believe. We have only 
one quarter of the standing timber of the United 
States. Instead of our ‘far north’ being ‘filled with 
inexhaustible forests’ it is filled largely with the 
wrecks of burned forests and comparatively little 
growing timber fit for the market. We have to-day 
only enough growing timber to meet our needs. Al¬ 
ready we have paid a severe price for what we have 

19 






Getting out British Columbia’s “wood crop.” Rails are laid right 
into the limits. Note the screen on the smokestack to stop sparks flying. 


Winter is the season of greatest activity in the Canadian woods. These 
men are taking out logs to a sawmill which will turn them into lumber 

20 









sacrificed to Fire; we will pay even higher for any 
of our present limited stock we allow to be thieved 
by burning. 

“Why does this wholesale destruction go on? 
Why does not someone stop it?” 

Who Is This “Some One?” 

The only Someone in Canada who can stop 
forest fires is you. Whether eleven or eighteen 
years of age, it is up to you, Boy Scout! 

Let us understand this thing once and for all. 

The people who lose most by the plague of burn¬ 
ing forests are not Lumbermen, but the thousands 
of fathers and brothers and families we bunch to¬ 
gether as ‘the masses of the people/ Most of the 
money that comes from the forests, as we have seen, 
goes to wages and supplies. But very few think of 
the forests in this light, and so when a million acres 
of pine and spruce go up in smoke, most people say: 
“Some lumberman will lose a lot of money.” Doubt¬ 
less the lumberman will, but for every dollar he puts 
up for a timber loss, it is safe to say the wage 
earners and tax payers put up twenty. 

Here is another answer to the ‘Why?' 

We have come to look upon a forest fire as very 
different to a city fire because the growing of trees 
cost us not one particle of money or effort. A kind 
Providence made them a free gift, did all the work 
and supplied all the materials. We trustees have 
been asked only to protect this ready-made bless¬ 
ing from fire and other destruction. 

The Sixty-dollar Woodshed. 

A sixty dollar woodshed does not spring ready¬ 
made from the ground. It takes our cash and 
muscle to erect. So when a fire fiend starts it 

21 




In this cosy cabin lives one of the “lookout men” of the Lower Ottawa 
Forest Protective Association. He spends his days at the tower watching 
for a tell-tale wisp of smoke down in the valleys. 


This man is a railway patrolman. He follows up freight and pas¬ 
senger trains and sees that no stray sparks set the neighboring forests afire. 

22 













blazing we have him arrested and clapped into 
prison. Let the same fire fiend burn down a million 
dollar forest and we make little effort to apprehend 
him. Why? Because we are so old-fashioned as 
not to see in a burning forest a share of our personal 
property. 

Instead of saying: ‘Why doesn’t some one put a 
stop to this firing of our common goods—the for¬ 
ests?’ suppose we get down to business and say: 
‘Let me make up my mind to do everything possible 
to save the woodlands from fire.’ If all the Boy 
Scouts in Canada will say that and live up to it, we 
shall consider the problem more than half solved. 

How the Fires Start. 

How do forest fires start; by lightning? 

Not one in fifty cases. 

By ‘spontaneous combustion?’ 

This phrase is handy for some fires but it means 
little in accounting for forest losses. The combus¬ 
tion comes usually from a neglected camp fire, or 
the clearing fires of settlers on the edge of growing 
timber, or a lighted cigarette or cigar or hot pipe 
ashes or locomotives. Human hands and human 
heads supply the spark, without which few of our 
great forests would ever be abandoned to flames. 

“How can I prevent a forest fire?” 

There is no better answer than is contained in 
these rules. Veteran hunters and fishermen, the 
best mountain climbers and guides make a point of 
carrying out such sensible prohibitions because they 
know for one thing that carelessness with fire is a 
sign of the amateur, and there are no good times for 
anybody in a wrecked forest. 

23 



In the lumbering operations of Nova Scotia, oxen are frequently used 
to haul logs out of the bush. 



Tenting with the Alpine Club of Canada in a beautiful valley of the 
Rocky Mountains. Some of the finest pictures in the Rockies have been 
ruined by the violence of fire. 


24 













WHILE IN OR NEAR THE FOREST : 

Never toss away burning matches; never 
let anyone throw down lighted cigars, 
cigarettes or pipe ashes. 

Never start a fire in the woods among 
leaves, dry wood, or against a log, or 
against any tree, whether it be dead or 
alive. 

Never start a fire in the moss or peat of 
a dry bog. It may smoulder for days, and 
at last break out in open flame. 

Never leave a fire until it is surely out. 

Never start to burn brush or stumps in a 
clearing in a dry time, or on a windy day, 
and never leave a fire burning in a clearing. 

Stay with it until the fire is completely out. 

Fighting a Big Blaze. 

But while an ounce of prevention is worth more 
than a pound of cure, what is a Boy Scout to do 
when he sees a forest fire already under way? 

By that you probably mean a fire too big for one 
person to extinguish. Let us remember that the 
biggest blazes in the forest started with a few sparks 
that any boy could scuffle out in a couple of minutes. 
But when a fire actually commences spreading 
along the “forest floor” of dried leaves and needles 
and twigs it requires quick action and plenty of 
skilled help. If there is a fire ranger in the district 
get into touch with him at once by telephone or 
other means, or tell the nearest railroad agent. The 
ranger will gather assistants and organize them into 
a fire fighting brigade much as the chief of a city 
department marshalls his men about a burning 
house. Skilled forest rangers, given plenty of 
helpers, can overcome any but the most violent and 

25 



A group of Rocky Mountain goats surprised by the camera. 














widespread conflagrations in a comparatively short 
time, and are thus able to save areas of valuable 
timber. Systems of forest protection in Europe 
have mastered the fire danger to a degree that we 
Canadians accustomed to wholesale burnings have 
hardly dreamed of. Roads are built through the 
timber for the double purpose of breaking the pro¬ 
gress of the flames and transporting fire fighters to 
the scene of trouble. Telephone lines connect the 
rangers with one another and with the means of 
emergency aid. The highest hills are surmounted 
by lookout towers where watchers, constantly on 
duty, detect the beginnings of fires on the slopes and 
immediately ’phone the news to other rangers who 
collect their men and attack the blaze. In Canada 
we have made a beginning at these scientific meth¬ 
ods, but only a beginning. 

Like Military Engineers. 

In the very brief space allowed by this booklet 
it is not possible to describe the various plans of 
overcoming forest fires, once they are seriously 
under way. It may be laid down as a proven fact, 
however, that a burning forest section can usually 
be held in check by a strong and determined body of 
rangers and helpers. The equipment of the fire 
fighters consists ordinarily of a hand axe for felling 
trees, folding canvas bucket for conveying water 
from any nearby lake or river, a heavy jute bag for 
beating out sparks, a shovel for scattering earth 
■over the burning “duff” as well as for digging 
trenches on the edge or directly in the path of the 
advancing flames. Large parties of fire fighters are 
organized like a body of military engineers, each 
man attending to a specified duty and obeying the 
•orders of those in charge. It is exceedingly hard 

27 



A Lookout Tower on Devil’s Mountain in the big forest district of 
Quebec Province patrolled by the Lower Ottawa Forest Protective- 
Association. The rangers from this lofty point can detect a smudge in. 
the valleys very quickly. They immediately telephone to the rangers, 
nearest the point and inform them of the danger. 

28 


liSSlI 






and unpleasant work, if conscientiously done. Good 
practice decrees that wherever possible, the fire shall 
h>e “turned” toward lake or river by cutting of lanes 
and trenches barring its progress in opposite direc¬ 
tions. When an ordinary ground fire reaches water, 
of course, the flames are effectually confined. In 
the case of fire running up a mountain side, the 
brigade of fighters concentrate their efforts just 
over the summit to prevent the swath of destruction 
continuing downward into another valley. The fire 
sweeping at express speed up to the summit, pauses 
a moment before securing a hold on the descending 
slope. Wide trenches have already been constructed 
and scores of trees felled in order to create an im¬ 
passable chasm. Sparks fly across the trench but 
are extinguished by the watchful rangers before 
they can ignite the dry litter on the ground, and set 
a new area of valuable timber into a swirl of flame. 
There are few cut-and-dried rules for fighting fires in 
the forest. Every ‘job’ has to be handled according 
to local conditions, which are not in two instances 
exactly alike. For this reason the skill of the ranger 
and his devotion to duty count heavily. 



29 



WHAT THE CANADIAN FORESTRY 
ASSOCIATION DOES. 


It maintains a Publicity Bureau supplying hundreds of 
daily and weekly newspapers with articles and illustrations 
telling chiefly about the wood-using industries and the 
need of guarding their supplies. 

It maintains a free service of effective newspaper 
cartoons putting a whole sermon in a nutshell; also a free 
illustration service to keep the forest guarding question 
before the people from every angle of interest. 

Gives numbers of free public lectures on forest topics. 
Supplies a series of “ready-prepared lectures’’ with sets of 
lantern slides to local speakers in many parts of the Do¬ 
minion. The same idea is being adopted for the use of 
school teachers with classes of children. 

The motion picture theatres in timbered districts are 
utilized to show forest protection cartoons between the 
reels. 

Influential public bodies such as Boards of Trade, 
farmers’ clubs, women’s clubs, etc., etc., are brought into 
direct touch with the forest protection campaign by the 
Association’s efforts with results of a far-reaching char¬ 
acter. 

Scores of thousands, of booklets in colors showing 
clearly that every citizen is a loser when timber goes up in 
smoke are placed in the hands of settlers and others. The 
Canadian Banks, Railroad Companies, and Forest Bran¬ 
ches undertake to distribute our special literature through 
their managers and agents. 

“The Canadian Forestry Journal,” an attractive illus¬ 
trated monthly of popular interest, is published at the As¬ 
sociation’s expense and is of undoubted value in the con¬ 
servation movement. 

National and provincial conventions are organized to 
discuss local and general forest problems. These events 
attract much interest, and exert a valuable influence. 

These are some of the concerns of the Canadian For¬ 
estry Association now in its seventeenth year with a 
membership of 3,500. 

It has no government affiliation whatever. It is an 
independent national institution. Financial support comes 
from voluntary sources alone. 

30 



The Boy Scout’s Forest-Book is one of a series 
which the Canadian Forestry Association will pre¬ 
sent to the sixteen thousand members of the Boy 
Scout Movement in Canada. The contents do not 
Jrp even partially to meet the requirements of a 
juvenile text-book on Forestry but rather to ac¬ 
quaint the Boy with the economic importance of 
forest conservation. Until Canadian people under¬ 
stand what the forest means to every individual , how 
from the standpoint of our need for lumber, fuel, 
pulp and paper, water powers, recreation, etc., the 
woodland resources are absolutely indispensable 
and their destruction by fire a national menace, all 
efforts at practical forest guarding must endure a 
serious handicap. We save only what we value. 

Additional copies of the booklet will be supplied 
free on application to The Canadian Forestry Asso¬ 
ciation, Booth Building, Ottawa, Can. 

$ 


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31 





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